Oil and Geopolitics



Tuesday, 10. October 2006 | 15:00 Uhr

Speaker

Prof. Kurt Spillmann

Organisation

ETH Zurich

Reporting

Oil and derivatives are practical and are obtainable everywhere. They serve not only as fuel, but also as raw material for consumer articles. In 2005, global consumption stood at 80 million barrels a day. This corresponds to the length of a goods train stretching from Sicily to Hamburg. For 2030, a consumption of 121.3 million barrels is to be expected. Saudi Arabia shows the highest oil reserves, followed by Iraq; Iran lies in fifth place, followed by Venezuela. Russia is building a pipeline from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea. In energy policy terms, the prevailing situation is one of multipolarity. The flow of funds from oil revenue helps to bolster authoritarian regimes. On 20 June of this year, Iranian President Ahmedinejad used the term “oil weapon”. In 1859, the first oil rig started operations in Pennsylvania. The oil produced was mainly used for kerosene lamps. In 1908 came the mass produced Model T Ford. At the start of the First World War, which began conventionally and ended with motorized vehicles, the Germans opened the Baghdad railway. In the Second World War, the Axis Powers suffered a lack of oil. Other milestones include the Sykes-Picot agreement in 1916, the domination of the oil market by the “Seven Sisters”, the murder of Mossadeq in Iran by the CIA in 1951, the Suez crisis, the first successful Arabic oil embargo in 1973, and the OPEC shock of 1979, followed by overproduction. Prof. Spillmann listed a number of measures to secure energy: diversification, alternatives, energy conservation, increased efficiency, stabilization, strengthening of regulatory systems, legal anchoring of globalization in principles of fairness, and also transparency. A change of mentality is crucial in politics, industry and society. He gave the innovative example of Toyota, which competed in the 2007 Paris-Dakar rally with a car that runs on biodiesel from cooking oil.

Prof. Kurt Spillmann (CV in German)

Kurt R. Spillmann hat in der Schweiz die Analyse von Konflikten und deren Ursachen geprägt wie keiner vor ihm: als Professor, Autor und Experte in der Öffentlichkeit. 1986 zum ETH-Ordinarius für Sicherheitspolitik und Konfliktforschung an die ETH berufen, gründete und leitete er die Forschungsstelle für Sicherheitspolitik und Konfliktanalyse (FSK). Er initiierte zudem die Schaffung des Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS), eines Clusters von heute zehn Professuren, der die entsprechenden Kompetenzen von ETH und Universität bündelt. Lange Jahre war er, der im Militär den Rang eines Obersten bekleidete, Vorsteher der Abteilung für Militärwissenschaften. Daneben hat Spillmann Wichtiges als Berater geleistet: So hat er seinen nicht unwesentlichen Teil dazu beigetragen, dass die Schweizer Sicherheitspolitik sich in den neunziger Jahren modernisierte und öffnete.

Seit seiner Emeritierung im Jahr 2002 hat er nun mehr Zeit, seinen besonderen Interessen zu nachzugehen: Den psychologischen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergründen von Krieg und Frieden zum Beispiel, den interdisziplinären Zusammenhängen zwischen Ökologie und politischen Konflikten – insbesondere Wasserkonflikten -, und der Nachwuchsförderung. Das tut er aber nicht notwendigerweise in seinem Zürcher Domizil. Seit seiner Römer Studienzeit hat Kurt Spillmann eine Affinität zu Italien: So hat er mit seiner Frau in Cortona in der Toskana in den vergangenen Jahren zusätzliche Wurzeln geschlagen.

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